Self Compassion Versus Self Esteem terhadap Pembentukan Self Concept Remaja: Mana yang Lebih Baik?

Andhika Alexander Repi(1*),

(1) Faculty of Psychology Widya Mandala Catholic University of Surabaya
(*) Corresponding Author




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26858/talenta.v4i2.8242

Abstract


Remaja perlu membentuk self-concept yang positif dalam proses pencarian jati dirinya. Berbagai variabel psikologi turut membentuk self-concept remaja termasuk self-esteem. Akan tetapi, self-esteem hanya membuat diri para remaja diliputi kebutuhan untuk selalu berusaha berada di atas orang lain atau melebihi standart sosial yang ada. Variabel ini akan memaksa para remaja mempertahankan tingkat self-esteem yang tinggi atau setidaknya di atas rata-rata dari penilaian lingkungan. Self-compassion hadir sebagai variabel yang lebih positif dalam usaha membentuk self-concept remaja. Self-compassion tidak meniadakan evaluasi remaja dari diri maupun lingkungan. Self-compassion membantu remaja untuk memberikan pemahaman perlu bersikap baik terhadap dirinya sendiri (self-kindness), membentuk pemikiran bahwa situasi yang dialaminya sekarang bisa juga dialami oleh orang lain (common humanity), serta secara kesadaran penuh melakukan suatu tindakan (mindfulness), maka ia mampu membentuk self-concept yang lebih positif. Remaja perlu mengembangkan self-compassion daripada terfokus pada self-esteem dalam usaha membentuk self-concept

Keywords


self concept; self compassion; self esteem; remaja; pengembangan personal

Full Text:

PDF

References


Augestad, L. B. (2017). Self-concept and self-esteem among children and young adults with visual impairment: A systematic review. Cogent Psychology, 4, 1-12

Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional Badan Pusat Statistik. (2013). Proyeksi penduduk Indonesia 2010-2035. Diunduh dari https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/5413/9148/4109/Proyeksi_Penduduk_Indonesia_2010-2035.pdf

Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J.D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness or healthier lifestyles?. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4 (1), 144

Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of self-esteem. Psychological Review, 1, 5–33

Brach, T. (2003). Radical acceptance: Embracing your life with the heart of a Buddha. New York, : Bantam

Breines, J. G., & Chen, S. (2012). Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(9), 1133–1143

Carranza, F.D., You, S., Chhuon, V., & Hudley, C. (2009). Mexican american adolescent’s academic achievement and aspirations: The role of perceived parental educational involvement, acculturation and self esteem. Journal Adolescence, 44 (174), 313- 334

Ciarrochi, J., & Bailey, A. (2008). A CBT-practitioner’s guide to ACT: How to bridge the gap between cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications Inc

Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecendents of self esteem. San Fransisco: W.H. Freeman and Company

Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2004). The costly pursuit of self‐esteem. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 392–414

Coetzee, M. (2009). The Relationship Between Personality Preferences, Self Esteem and Emotional Competence. Diunduh dari http://uir.unisa.ac.za/dspace/handle/10500/2045

Duffy, K. G., & Atwater, E. (2005). Psychology for living: Adjusment, growth, and behavior today. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton

Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion focused therapy: Distinctive features. London: Routledge

Guindon, M.H. (2010). Self esteem across the Lifespan. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York: Guilford Press.

Hayes, S. C. Is self-compassion more important than self-esteem?. Diunduh dari http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-c-hayes-phd/is-selfcompassion-more-im_b_6316320.html

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.

Herlina. (2013). Bibliotherapy: Mengatasi masalah anak dan remaja melalui buku. Bandung : Pustaka Cendekia utama.

Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339–375.

Kernis, M. (2005). Measuring self‐esteem in context: The importance of stability of selfesteem in psychological functioning. Journal of Personality, 73, 1–37.

Khazan, O. (2016). Why self-compassion better than self-esteem. Diunduh dari https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/05/why-self-compassion-works-better-than-self-esteem/481473/

Kompas.com. (2017). Jokowi: Tahun 2030 nanti akan ada bonus demografi. Diunduh dari http://biz.kompas.com/read/2017/01/27/093559328/jokowi.tahun.2030.nanti.akan.ada.bonus.demografi

Kuyken, W., Watkins, E., Holden, E., White, K., Taylor, R., Byford, S., et al. (2010). How does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy work?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1105–1112

Laible, D. J., Carlo, G. and Marcela, R. M. (2000). The differential relations of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29 (1), 45-50

Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self- compassion and reactions to unpleasant self relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5)

Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1994). Psychosocial risk factors for future suicide attempts. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62 (2), 297–305

Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 616–628

Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2006). What are the differences between happiness and self-esteem?. Social Indicators Research, 78, 363–404

Marshall, S. L., Parker, P. D., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. C. L. (2014). Is self-esteem a cause or consequence of social support? A four year longitudinal study. Child Development, 85(3), 1275–1291

Marshall, S.L., Parker, P.D., Ciarrochi, J., Sahdra, B., Jackson, C.J. (2015). Self-compassion protects against the negative effects of low-esteem: A longitudinal study in a large adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 116-121. Diunduh dari http://www.mindfulselfcompassionforteens.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/marshall-ciarrochi-et-al-2014-self-compassion-protects-against-the-negative-effects-of-low-self-esteem.pdf

Martins, M. H. V., & Neto, V. C. (2016). Resilience and self-concept of competence in institutionalized and non-institutionalized young people. Psicologia, 30 (2), 61-76

Mruk, C.J. (2006). Self-esteem research, theory, and practice: Toward a positive psychology of self-esteem (3rd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Muris, P., Meesters, C., Pierik, A., de Kock, B. (2015). Good for the self: Self-compassion and other self-related constructs in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression in non-clinical youths. Journal of Child Family Study

Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self‐compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250

Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self‐compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–102

Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. (2007). Self‐compassion and

adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139–154

Neff, K., & Vonk, R. (2008). Self‐compassion versus global self‐esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 41, 908-916

Neff, K., & Lamb, L. (2009). Self‐compassion. In S. Lopez (Ed.), The encyclopedia of positive psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley‐Blackwell. Advance online publication,

Neff, K. (2011). Why self-compassion trumps self-esteem. Diunduh dari https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/try_selfcompassion

Neff, K. & Pmmier, E. (2012). The relationship between self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing mediators. Self and Identity, 1-17

Neff, K. (2017). Why we should stop chasing self-esteem and start developing self-compassion. Diunduh dari http://self-compassion.org/why-we-should-stop-chasing-self-esteem-and-start-developing-self-compassion/

Nickersen, A. & Nagle, R. J. (2005). Parent and peer attachment in late childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescene, 25, 223 – 249

Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Meier, L. J. (2009). Disentangling the effects of low self- esteem and stressful events on depression: Findings from three longitudinal studies. Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 97(2), 307–321

Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 695–708

Palacios, E. G., Echaniz, I. E., Fernandez, A. R., de Barron, I. C. O. (2015). Personal self-concept and satisfaction with life in adolescence, youth, and adulthood. Psichotema, 27(1), 52-58

Persinger, J. (2012). An alternative to self‐esteem: Fostering self‐compassion in youth. Communique’ 40(5), 20‐23.

Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., & Schimel, J. (2004). Why do people need self-esteem?. A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 435–468.

Santrock, J. W. (2007). Adolescence, eleventh edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc

Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., & Brown, K. W. (2010). A scale to measure nonattachment: A Buddhist complement to Western research on attachment and adaptive functioning. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(2), 116–127.

Saraswatia, G.K, Zulpahiyana, Arifah, S. (2015). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsep diri remaja di smpn 13 yogyakarta. Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia, 3 (1), 33-38

Swann, W. B., Chang-Schneider, C., & McClarty, K.L (2007). Do people’s self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life. American Psychologist, 62, 84–94

Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann, W. B. (1995). Self-liking and self-competence as dimensions of global self-esteem: Initial validation of a measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65, 322–342

Taris, T. W. (2000). Dispositional need for cognitive closure and self-enhancing beliefs. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 35–50.

Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2003). ‘‘Isn’t it fun to get the

respect that we’re going to deserve?’’ Narcissism, social rejection, and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 261–272

Twenge, J. (2006). Generation me: Why today's young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled—and more miserable than ever before. New York, NY: Free Press

Veiga, F & Leite, A. (2016). Adolescents’ self-concept short scale: A version of PHCSCS. Procedia: Social and behavior Sciences, 217, 631-637

Wankhade, V. R. (2015). Comparison of self-concept between rural and urbal school going adolescent. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 3 (1), 90-93

Wichstrøm, L. (2000). Predictors of adolescent suicide attempts: A nationally representative longitudinal study of Norwegian adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(5), 603–610

Ybrandt, H.O, & Armelius, B.A. (2003). Self concept in adolescence a study of age and gender differences in groups of normal and antisocial adolescents. Umea Psychology Reports, 3


Article Metrics

Abstract view : 2146 times | PDF view : 510 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Andhika Alexander Repi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

PUBLISHED BY:

Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

Gedung BM Lantai 2 Kampus Gunungsari Baru,

Jalan A.P. Pettarani, Makassar 90222.

Email: jurnal.talenta@unm.ac.id

p-ISSN : 2460-8750

e-ISSN : 2615-1731