Positive Discourse Analysis of the Presidential Rhetoric at the G20 Summit 2022 in Bali, Indonesia
(1) Universitas Jambi
(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v7i2.44119
Abstract
Abstract. This study aims to uncover the utilization of positive discourse in presidential rhetoric during the G20 Summit 2022. This qualitative study employs a dataset of speeches delivered by the President of Indonesia, obtained from the official website of The Secretary of the Cabinet of the Republic of Indonesia. The speeches were published online between November 14 and 16, 2022. The procedures involve examining the speeches, identifying positive language, categorizing the data into three main themes (i.e., uniting, being optimistic, and maintaining world peace), analyzing rhetorical strategies and interpreting the data using the Positive Discourse Analysis approach. The results show that the President of Indonesia encourages all countries to unite to achieve common goals. Despite a severe toll on the world economy after the pandemic, he spreads optimism to the summit. He also persuades everyone to maintain world peace. These three focal points are conveyed by utilizing personal pronouns ‘we’ to strengthen the sense of collectivity and build unity and ‘I’ to highlight his good leadership quality. Justification for the negative impacts of war is expressed through conditional clauses. Other discursive strategies in his rhetoric include using lexical choices, parallel structures, modals, metaphors, rhetorical questions, and repetitive phrases. The encouragement and uplifting messages in the speeches may boost positive vibes in the meeting. The use of rhetorical techniques can impact international relations, economic cooperation, and how people worldwide work together to address common issues.
Keywords: Positive Discourse Analysis, president, indonesia, G20, summitFull Text:
PDFReferences
Achugar, M. (2004). The events and actors of 11 September 2001 as seen from Uruguay: Analysis of daily newspaper editorials. Discourse and Society, 15 (2–3), 291–320. doi:10.1177/0957926504041021.
Bank Indonesia. (2020). G20 Presidency of Indonesia 2022. https://www.bi.go.id/en/g20/default.aspx
Baranski, E., Sweeny, K., Gardiner, G., Members of the International Situations Project., & Funder, D.C. (2021). International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries. Journal of Personality, 89(2), 288–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12582
Bartlett, T. (2012). Hybrid voices and collaborative change: Contextualising Positive Discourse Analysis. New York: Routledge.
Beard, A. (2000). Language of politics. London: Routledge.
Bellamy, A. J. (2020). Thinking about world peace. Ethics & International Affairs, 34(1), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679420000027
Bramley, N. R. (2001). Pronouns of politics: The use of pronouns in the construction of ‘self’ and ‘other’ in political interviews. [PhD Dissertation]. The Australian National University.
Caponigro, I., & Sprouse, J. (2007). Rhetorical questions as questions. Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, 11, 121-133. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. https://doi.org/10.18148/sub/2007.v11i0.635
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2014). Dispositional optimism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18, 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.003
Chew, P. G. L. (1998). The challenge of unity: Women, peace and power. International Journal on World Peace, 15(4), 29-42.
Conversano, C., Rotondo, A., Lensi, E., Della Vista, O., Arpone, F., & Reda, M. A. (2010). Optimism and its impact on mental and physical well-being. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health: CP & EMH, 6, 25. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901006010025
d’Argent, P. (January 27, 2017). The concept of international organizations. International Law MOOC. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21Y9zLJgrTE&ab_channel=InternationalLawMOOC
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective wellbeing: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Eva, N., Sari, Q. A. F., & Andini, R. D. (2020). The role of optimism in responding to Covid19. KnE Social Sciences, 365-369. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i15.8224
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. London: Longman.
Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical Discourse Analysis: The critical study of language Second edition. Oxon: Routledge.
G20 Secretariat. (2023). About G20. https://www.g20.org/en/about-g20/#overview
Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Pressman, S. D. (2013). Optimism is universal: Exploring the presence and benefits of optimism in a representative sample of the world. Journal of Personality, 81(5), 429–440. DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12026
Gopalakrishnan, R. (November 16, 2022). Key takeaways from the G20 summit in Bali. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/key-takeaways-g20-summit-bali-2022-11-16/
Håkansson, J. (2012). The use of personal pronouns in political speeches: A comparative study of the pronominal choices of two American presidents. Bachelors’ Course. School of Language and Literature.
Halliday, M.A. K., & Mathiessen C. (2004). An introduction to functional grammar (3rd Edition). London: Hodder Arnold.
Hughes, J. M. F. (2018). Progressing Positive Discourse Analysis and/in Critical Discourse Studies: Reconstructing resistance through progressive discourse analysis. Review of Communication, 18(3), 193-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/15358593.2018.1479880
Johnson, D. M. (1994). Who is We?: Constructing communities in US-Mexico border discourse. Discourse & Society, 5(2): 207–231. doi:10.1177/0957926594005002004.
Jokela, J. (2011). The G-20: A pathway to effective multilateralism? Institute for security Studies. European Union.
Karapetjana, I. (2011). Pronominal choice in political interviews. Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture, 1, 36–45. https://doi.org/10.22364/BJELLC.01.2011.05
Kong, S. (2022). Positive Discourse Analysis of political thought in the analects from the perspective of metaphor. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 12(11), 2339-2346. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1211.14
Luo, D., Lin, Y., & Zhang, L. (2022). Positive Discourse Analysis of journalistic discourses about Sino-foreign relations from the attitude perspective of Appraisal Theory. International Journal of Frontiers in Sociology, 4(2), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFS.2022.040209
Mackenzie, D. (2010). A world beyond borders: An introduction to the history of international organizations. University of Toronto Press.
Martin, J. R. (1999). Grace: The logogenesis of freedom. Discourse Studies, 1(1), 29–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445699001001003
Martin, J. R. (2004). Positive Discourse Analysis: Solidarity and change. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 49, 179–202.
Mayor, F. (1992). The role of UNESCO in the construction of peace. Medicine and War, 8(1): 18-24, DOI: 10.1080/07488009208409017
Nartey, M., & Ernanda. (2020). Formulating emancipatory discourses and reconstructing resistance: A positive discourse analysis of Sukarno’s speech at the first Afro-Asian conference. Critical Discourse Studies, 17(1), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1617758
Paulo, S. (2014). International cooperation and development: A conceptual overview. Discussion Paper / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik
Pennycook, A. (1994). The politics of pronouns. ELT Journal, 48(2): 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/48.2.173
Ponton, D, M. (2022). Ecolinguistics and Positive Discourse Analysis: Convergent pathways. MediAzioni, 34(1), A36-A54. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1974-4382/15506
Rome Declaration on World Food Security. (November 13, 1996). https://www.fao.org/3/w3613e/w3613e00.htm
Špago, D. (2020). Rhetorical questions as aggressive, friendly or sarcastic/ironical questions with imposed answers. ExELL (Explorations in English Language and Linguistics), 8(1), 68-82. https://doi.org/10.2478/exell-2020-0014
Stibbe, A. (2014). An ecolinguistic approach to critical discourse studies. Critical Discourse Studies 11(1), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2013.845789
Stibbe, A., (2017). Positive Discourse Analysis: Re-thinking human ecological relationships. In A. F. Fill & H. Penz, eds. The routledge handbook of Ecolinguistics (pp. 165-179). London: Routledge.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). About the IPCC. https://www.ipcc.ch/about/
Unicef. (n.d.). Child protection: Every child has the right to live free from violence, exploitation and abuse. https://www.unicef.org/child-protection
United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Our mission, our goals, our mandate. https://www.undp.org/about-us
United Nations. (2009). The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/
Van Dijk, T. A. (1991). Racism in the press: Critical studies in racism and migration. London: Routledge.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2002). Political discourse and ideology. Anàlisi del Discurs Polític. Producció, mediació i recepció. 10.31921/doxacom.n1a12.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2006). Politics, ideology, and discourse. Politics of Teaching, 728-740. DOI:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00722-7
Voukelatou, V., Miliou, I., Giannotti, F., & Pappalardo. L. (2022). Understanding peace through the world news. EPJ Data Science, 11(2), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00315-z
WHO. (June 16, 2022). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338
WHO. (2023). International Health Regulations. https://www.who.int/health-topics/international-health-regulations#tab=tab_1
Wodak, R. (2001). What CDA is about: A summary of its history, important concepts and its developments. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (pp.1-13). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 287 times | PDF view : 1 timesRefbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Eralingua has been indexed by:
