Politeness Grammatical Expression in Buginese Language

Yusri Yusri(1), Mantasiah R.(2*), Hasmawati Hasmawati(3),

(1) Universitas Fajar
(2) Universitas Negeri Makassar
(3) Universitas Negeri Makassar
(*) Corresponding Author



Abstract


Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kind of grammatical expressions of politeness in Buginese language especially grammatical expressions in the form of dependent morphems.  This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection technique used was by interviewing the native speaker of buginese language. The number of informants involved was 15 native speakers. The result shows that there are 6 morphemes used as grammatical expression of politeness. The morphemes are dependent morphem, as they cannot stand alone. The morphemes can be divided into 2 categories which consist of morphem -ki, -ta, -ni categorized as polite morphemes, and morphem -ko, -mu, -no categorized as impolite morphemes.    

Keywords: Grammatical Expression, Politeness, Dependent Morphem, Buginese Language, Pragmatics.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Bickerton, D. (2016). Roots of language (p. 284). Language Science Press.

Brown, P. (2015). Politeness and language. In The International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences (IESBS),(2nd ed.) (pp. 326-330). Elsevier.

Brown, P., Levinson, S.C. (1978). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Chikulaeva, A. and D’Imperio, M. (2018). The expression of politeness and pitch height in Russian imperatives. In Proc. 9th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2018 (pp. 438-442).

Culpeper, J. and Gillings, M. (2018). Politeness Variation in England: A North-South Divide?. In Corpus Approaches to Contemporary British Speech (pp. 33-59). Routledge.

Félix-Brasdefer, J.C. and Mugford, G. (2017). (Im) politeness: Learning and Teaching. In The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im) politeness (pp. 489-516). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Fernandes, G. and Assunção, C. (2018). First grammatical encoding of Japanese Politeness (17th century). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, 13(1), pp.187-203.

Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G. and Trew, T. (2018). Language and control. Routledge.

Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. and Hyams, N. (2018). An introduction to language. Cengage Learning.

Goffman, E., 1967. The nature of deference and demeanor. In: Goffman, E. (Ed.), Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order. Harper and Row, New York

Grainger, K. and Mills, S. (2016). Introduction: Language, culture,(im) politeness and (in) directness. In Directness and Indirectness Across Cultures (pp. 1-33). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Grice, H.P. (1975). The logic of conversation. In: Cole, P., et al. (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts. Elsevier, pp. 41

Guillaume, A. (2018). The grammatical expression of emotions in Tacana and other Takanan languages. Studies in Language. International Journal sponsored by the Foundation “Foundations of Language”, 42(1), pp.114-145.

Holmes, J. (2018). Sociolinguistics vs pragmatics. Pragmatics and its Interfaces, 294, p.11.

Jung, H.Y. and Choi, J. (2018). August. The Treatment of Politeness Elements in French-korean Bilingual Dictionaries. In The XVIII EURALEX International Congress (p. 151).

Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė, L. and Vainilavičiūtė, S. (2018). Positive and negative politeness in spoken Lithuanian. Philologia Estonica Tallinnensis, 3, pp.66-94.

Lakoff, R. (1973). The logic of politeness or Minding your p's and q's. In: Papers from the Ninth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society Chicago, pp. 292– 305.

Leech, G. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. Longman, London.

Ramani, S., Könings, K.D., Mann, K.V., Pisarski, E.E. and van der Vleuten, C.P. (2018). About politeness, face, and feedback: exploring resident and faculty perceptions of how institutional feedback culture influences feedback practices. Academic Medicine, 93(9), pp.1348-1358.

Sifianou, M. (2016). On culture, face and politeness. Again. In New ways to face and (im) politeness (pp. 15-30). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.

Sifianou, M. and Bella, S. (2019). Twitter, Politeness, Self-Presentation. In Analyzing Digital Discourse (pp. 341-365). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Sundar, A., & Cao, E. S. (2018). Punishing Politeness: The Role of Language in Promoting Brand Trust. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-22.

Swadesh, M. (2017). The origin and diversification of language. Routledge.

Watts, R.J., Ide, S. and Ehlich, K. eds. (2008). Politeness in language: Studies in its history, theory and practice. Walter de Gruyter.


Article Metrics

Abstract view : 77 times | PDF view : 34 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.