Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik dari Pati Biji Nangka (Artocarpus heteropyllus) dengan Penguat CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

          Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan CMC terhadap karakteristik bioplastik dari pati biji nangka.Tahap penelitian meliputi preparasi sampel, pembuatan bioplastik dan karakterisasi yang meliputi biodegradasi dengan metode Soil Burial Test, ketahanan air, ketahanan panas, kuat tarik dan elongasi dengan Universal Testing Mechine, serta gugus fungsi dengan FT-IR dan morfologi permukaan dengan instrument SEM. Bioplastik yang diperoleh berwarna bening. Variasi komposisi CMC 0%-15% mempengaruhi karakteristik bioplastik yang dihasilkan meliputi biodegradasi 32,66-74,69% , ketahanan air 15,26-93,91%, ketahanan panas 58,33-93°C, kuat tarik 0,7642-2,4549 N/mm² dan elongasi 6,06-14,25%. Komposisi variasi CMC berbanding lurus dengan persen degradasi dan kuat tarik, serta berbanding terbalik dengan ketahanan air dan ketahanan panas. Hasil identifikasi gugus fungsi FTIR pada bilangan gelombang 3286,63 cm^-1 yang mengindikasikan adanya gugus O-H, pada bilangan gelombang 2924,29 cm^-1 mengindikasikan adanya gugus C-H, sedangkan pada bilangan gelombang 999,34 cm^-1 menunjukkan adanya gugus C-O, pasa bilangan gelombang 1331,59 cm^-1, 1416,82 cm^-1 dan 1589,79 cm^-1 mengindikasikan adanya senyawa aromatik sederhana dan pada bilangan gelombang 702,96 cm^-1 mengindikasikan adanya gugus C=C. Morfologi permukaan bioplastik tidak rata dengan adanya retakan dan sisa partikel pati yang tidak larut sempurna.

 Kata Kunci: Sintesis, Karakterisasi, Bioplastik, Biji Nangka, CMC

ABSTRACT

          This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of CMC on the bioplastic characteristics of jackfruit seed starch. The research phase includes sample preparation, bioplastic manufacture and characterization which included biodegradation with Soil Burial Test method, water resistance, heat resistance, tensile strength and elongation with the Universal testing Mechine, as wel as fungsional groups with FT-IR and surface morphology with the SEM instrument. The obtained bioplastic is clear. Variations in the composition of CMC 0%-15% affect the characteristics of the resulting bioplastics including biodegradation 32.66-74.69%, water resistance 15.26-93.91%, heat resistance 58.33-93°C, tensile strength 0.7642 -2.4549 N/mm² and elongation 6.06-14.25%. The composition of the CMC variation is directly proportional to the percent degradation and tensile strength, and inversely proportional to the water resistance and heat resistance. The results of the identification of the FTIR functional group at a wave number of 3286.63 cm-1 which indicates the presence of an O-H group, at a wave number of 2924.29 cm-1 indicates the presence of a C-H group, while at a wave number of 999.34 cm-1 it indicates the presence of a C-O group. wave numbers 1331.59 cm-1, 1416.82 cm-1 and 1589.79 cm-1 indicated the presence of simple aromatic compounds and at wave numbers 702.96 cm-1 indicated the presence of a C=C group. The surface morphology of bioplastics is uneven with cracks and residual starch particles that are not completely dissolved.

Keywords: Synthesis, Characterization, Bioplastic, Jackfruit, CMC