English for Young Learners (EYL) Policy and Practice in ASEAN Countries

B. Yuniar Diyanti(1*), Suwarsih Madya(2),

(1) Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
(2) Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v5i3.16382

Abstract


This article compares and discusses the current state of teaching English to young learners (EYL) in ASEAN country members. It pictures the policy and practice of EYL in which English is adopted as either a first, second, or foreign language. The discussion on each country begins with a brief historical and political review that helped shape the country’s policy on foreign language education. It then moves to the status of English in the polity then to EYL policy and practice of each country and follows next the challenges each country experiences regarding EYL. The final part of the article discusses the implication related to what needs to be done to address these challenges.

 

Keywords: EYL policy and practice, English in ASEAN


Keywords


EYL policy and practice; English in ASEAN

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ali, N., Hamid, M. O. & Moni, K. (2012). English in primary education in Malaysia: policies, outcomes and stakeholders’ lived experiences. In R. B. Baldauf, R. B. Kaplan, N. M. Kamwangamalu, & P. Bryant (Eds.). Language Planning in Primary Schools in Asia. Oxon: Routledge

Alwasilah, A. C. 2013. Policy on foreign language education in indonesia. International Journal of Education, Vol. 7 No. 1

Amaro, Y. & Chheng, N. (2017). English instruction to expand to new grades. The Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved from https://www.phnompenhpost.com

ASEAN Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved August 17, 2020, from www.asean.org

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). (2020). The ASEAN Charter. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariate

Baldauf Jr, R. B., Kaplan, R. B., Kamwangamalu, N., & Bryant, P. (2012). Success or failure of primary second/foreign language programmes in Asia: What do the data tell us? In R. B. Baldauf, R. B. Kaplan, N. M. Kamwangamalu, & P. Bryant (Eds.). Language Planning in Primary Schools in Asia. Oxon: Routledge

Bennui, P. & Hashim, A. (2014). English in Thailand: development of English in a non-postcolonial context. Asian Englishes, Vol. 16, No. 3, 209–228, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2014.939810

Brewster, J., Ellis, G., & Girard, D. 2002. The rimary English teacher’s guide. London: Pearson Education Limited

British Council. (2013). The English effect: The impact of English, what it's worth to the UK and why it matters to the world.

British Council helps train Thai English-language teachers (2018, September 28), Bangkok Post. Retrieved from https://www.bangkokpost.com

Cao, P. (2019). Teaching English to young learners in Vietnam: From policy to

Implementation. The Asian Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. 6 No. 1, 2019, pp. 96-104

Chilmonik, K. (2018). My Classroom Cambodia. English Teaching Forum,

americanenglish.state.gov/english-teaching-forum

Chodidjah, I., 2007. Teacher training for low proficiency level primary English language teachers: how it is working in Indonesia. In British Council, ed. Primary innovations: A collection of papers. Hanoi: British Council, 87–94.

Chua, S. K. C. (2012). Singapore’s E(Si)nglish-knowing bilingualism. In R. B. Baldauf, R. B. Kaplan, N. M. Kamwangamalu, & P. Bryant (Eds.). Language Planning in Primary Schools in Asia. Oxon: Routledge

Cohn, A. C. & Ravindranath, M. (2014). Local languages in Indonesia: Language maintenance or language shift? Linguistik Indonesia Agustus 2014, 131-148 Volume ke-32, No. 2

Copland, F., & Garton, S. (2014). Key themes and future directions in teaching English to young learners: introduction to the Special Issue. ELT journal, 68(3), 223-230.

Darmi, R. Albion, P. (2013). English language in the Malaysian education system: Its existence and implications. In M.M. Noor, M.M. Rahman and J. Ismail (Eds.). Malaysian Postgraduate Conference (MPC2013) 3-4 July, Malaysia Hall Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Deterding, D., & Sharbawi, S. (2013). Brunei English: A new variety in a multilingual society (Vol. 4). Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media.

Diyanti, B. Y., Nurhayati, L., & Supriyanti, N. (2020). The profile of primary English teachers in Indonesia. Litera, 19(1), 37-51.

Garton, S., Copland, F., & Burns, A. (2011). Investigating global practices in teaching English to young learners. www.britishcouncil.org

Garton, S. & Copland, F. (2019). Introduction. In S. Garton & F. Copland (Eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Teaching English to Young Learners. Oxon: Routledge

Goode, C. (2020). English language in Brunei: Use, policy, and status in education–A review. Indonesian JELT, 15(1), 21-46.

Haji-Othman, N. A., McLellan, J., & Jones, G. M. (2019). Language policy and practice in Brunei Darussalam. In A. Kirkpatrick & A. J. Liddicoat (Eds.), The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia, 314-325. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Hardman, J. A-Rahman, N. (2014). Teachers and the implementation of a new English curriculum in Malaysia. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 2014 Vol. 27, No. 3, 260–277, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2014.980826

Hawanti, S. 2014. Implementing Indonesia’s English language teaching policy in primary schools: The role of teachers’ knowledge and beliefs, International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning Volume 9, Issue 2: 162-170. DOI: 10.1080/18334105.2014.11082029

Hayes, D. 2014. Factors influencing success in teaching English in state primary schools. www.britishcouncil.org

Hoa, N. T. M. & Tuan, N. Q. (2007). Teaching English in Primary Schools in Vietnam: An Overview. Current Issues in Language Planning Vol. 8, No. 2, 2007. doi: 10.2167/cilp106.0

House, M., & Chin, G. V. S. (2014). Malaysia , Singapore and Brunei Darussalam : A Comparative Study of Literary Developments in English. (April 2015), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2007.10801210

Hu, R. (2016). The age factor in second language learning. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 2164-2168, November 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0611.13

Hu, G. & McKay, S. L. (2012). English language education in East Asia: Some recent developments. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 33:4, 345-362, DOI: 10.1080/01434632.2012.661434

Igawa, K. (2008). English language and its education in Cambodia: A country in transition. (Online). Available: www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo46-20.pdf [2019, October 12

Igawa, K. (2010). The Impact of English language education on Cambodian elementary school children: Perceptions of EFL teachers in Cambodia. Shitennoji University Bulletin, 49, 147-166.

Intarapanich, C. 2013. Teaching methods, approaches and strategies found in EFL classrooms: A case study in LAO PDR. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 88 (2013) 306-311

Iskandar. (2015). Putting English as a local content subject in primary schools: Teachers’ belief and its impact on their teaching delivery. 62nd Teflin proceeding, Book 2, p. 758-767, retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net

Jones, G. M. (2000). Some language planning questions facing Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines. Parangalcang Brother Andrew: A festschrift for Andrew Gonzalez on his sixtieth birthday, 226-238.

Jones, G. M. (2009). The evolution of language-in-education policies in Brunei Darussalam. Mother tongue as bridge language of instruction: Policies and experiences in Southeast Asia, 49-61.

Jones, G. M. (2016). Policy and practice in the use of English in Brunei primary school classes. World Englishes, 35(4), 509-518.

Jones, J. (2017). Teaching English to young learners . Critical issues in language teaching with 3 − 12 years olds . In J. Bland (ed). British Journal of Educational Studies, 00(00), 0. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2017.1282092

Kaewmala. (2012). Thai education failures – Part 4: Dismal English-language training. Prachatai English. Retrieved from https://prachatai.com/english/node/3125

Kam, H. W. (2002). English language teaching in East Asia today: An overview. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 22(2), 1-22.

Karami, S., & Zamanian, M. (2016). A review of English teaching practices in the Philippines. Journal of Language Sciences & Linguistics. Vol, 4(1), 23-29.

Kaur, A., Young, D., & Kirkpatrick, R. (2016). English education policy in Thailand: Why the poor results?. In English language education policy in Asia (pp. 345-361). Springer, Cham.

Kirkpatrick, A. (2012). English in ASEAN: Implications for regional multilingualism. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 33(4), 331–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2012.661433

Kirkpatrick, R. (2012). English education in Thailand: 2012. Asian EFL Journal, 61, 24-40.

Kirkpatrick, A. (2017). Language education policy among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). European Journal of Language Policy, 9(1), 7–25.

Kirkpatrick, A., & Liddicoat, A. J. (2017). Language education policy and practice in East and Southeast Asia. Language Teaching, 50(02), 155–188. doi:10.1017/s0261444817000027

Koo, G. S. (2008). English language in Philippine education: themes and variations in policy, practice, pedagogy and research. Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhood education, 2, 19-33.

Lestariyana, R. P. D & Widodo, H. P. (2018). Engaging young learners of English with digital stories: Learning to mean. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. 8 No. 2, September 2018, pp. 489-495. doi: 10.17509/ijal.v8i2.13314

Lee, J. J. (2018). Colonialism and ASEAN identity: inherited" mental barriers" hindering the formation of a collective ASEAN identity (Doctoral dissertation).

Low, E. L., & Ao, R. (2018). The Spread of English in ASEAN: Policies and issues. RELC Journal, 49(2), 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688218782513

Madya, S. (2008). Curriculum innovations in Indonesia and the strategies to implement them. In Y. H. Choi & B. Spolsky (Eds). ELT Curriculum Innovation and Implementation in Asia. Asia TEFL Publisher

Mao, S. (2015). Education and policy on English language in Cambodia. In Bigalke, T. W., & Sharbawi, S. (Eds.). English for ASEAN integration: policies and practices in the region. Bandar Seri Begawan: Universiti Brunei Darussalam.

Methitham, P., & Chamcharatsri, P. B. (2011). Critiquing ELT in Thailand: A reflection from history to practice. Journal of Humanities, Naresuan University, 8(2), 57-68

Mindo, D. F. (2008). English language teaching, curriculum innovations and implementation strategies: Philippine experience. ELT curriculum innovation and implementation in Asia, 161-189.

Mohamad, H., Yaakub, R. M., Pearson, E. C., & Sim, J. T. P. (2018). Towards Wawasan Brunei 2035: Early Childhood Education and Development in Brunei Darussalam. In M. Fleer, B. van Oers (eds.), International Handbook of Early Childhood Education (pp. 551-567). Dordrecht: Springer,.

Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. (1993). Decree of Minister of Education and Culture Number 060/U/1993

Nara, L. (2001). Cambodia's students flock to learn English. The Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved from https://www.phnompenhpost.com

Neau, V. (2003) The Teaching of Foreign Languages in Cambodia: A Historical Perspective, Language, Culture and Curriculum, 16:3, 253-268, DOI:10.1080/07908310308666673

Nguyen, C. D. (2018). The construction of age-appropriate pedagogies for young learners of English in primary schools. The Language Learning Journal, 1-14.

Nguyen, L. C., Hamid, M. O., & Renshaw, P. (2016). Current Issues in Language Planning English in the primary classroom in Vietnam : students ’ lived experiences and their social and policy implications. 4208(May). https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2016.1089629

Nurkamto, J., Hartono, R., Sutopo, D., & Pauzan. (2017). The teaching of local content subject of English for tourism in English language learning at Junior High Schools. IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 4 Issue 4

Pandian, A. (2002). English language teaching in Malaysia today. Asia-Pacific Journal of Education, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2002) pp. 35-52.

Prasongporn, P. 2016. English Education at Primary Level in Thailand. A paper presented in the NIER International Symposium on Educational Reform 2016. Japan

Rixon, S. (2013). British Council survey of policy and practice in primary English language teaching worldwide. Retrieved from www.britishcouncil.org

Rubdy, R. (2007). Singlish in the school: An Impediment or a resource? Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development Vol. 28, No. 4, 2007. DOI: 10.2167/jmmd459.0

Senase. J. R. T. (2019). Cambodia lagging in English proficiency: Index. Khmer Times. Retrieved from https://www.khmertimeskh.com

Sercombe, P. (2014). Brunei Darussalam: Issues of language, identity and education. In P. Sercombe & R. Tupas (Eds.). Language, Education, and Nation-building (pp. 22-44). London: Palgrave Macmillan,

Speak Good English Movement. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2019, from https://www.goodenglish.org.sg

Suyanto, K.E. and Chodidjah, I., 2002. The teaching of English in elementary schools: the policy, implementation, and future direction. Paper presented at the 50th TEFLIN International Conference, Surabaya, 29–31 October.

ASEAN. (2020). The ASEAN Charter. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat

Tuah, N. H. (2017). Second Language (L2) Acquisition in Brunei Formal Education: Year 1 in Government and Private Schools. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu

Vanarin, N. & Lovett, C. (2015). Students in Cambodia Want to Learn English. VOA Learning English. Retrieved from https://learningenglish.voanews.com

Zein, M. S. (2012). The contexts of English language teaching at primary level in Indonesia. Journal of Teaching and Education, 1(3):85–90 (2012)

Zein, S. (2015). Factors affecting the professional development of elementary English teachers. Professional Development in Education. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2015.1005243

Zein, M. S. (2017). Professional development needs of primary EFL teachers: Perspectives of teachers and teacher educators. Professional Development in Education, 43(2), 293-313.


Article Metrics

Abstract view : 2255 times | PDF view : 391 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


License URL: https://creativecommons.org/

 

 

 

Creative Commons License


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.