The Knowledge and The Hydration Status of Junior Martial Art Athletes

The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of fluids in the body during training for youth athletes of martial arts. The research method uses descriptive quantitative. Data collection techniques were obtained from urine tests, interviews, and multiple-choice questions on 10 athletes consisting of five male athletes and five female athletes of martial art with maximum age criteria of 18 years. Data analysis techniques used to mean, standard deviation, percentage, graph, normality, and different test Paired Sample T-Test to find out the difference in the mean. Athletes' knowledge of hydration was in the moderate category and there was a significant difference (Sig. <0.05) in the average hydration before and after training by the Madiun Regency martial art athletes.


INTRODUCTION
The cultural heritage of indigenous Indonesians is very diverse from various parts of the country and which is still developing today, one of which is a sport in the form of the traditional martial art of martial arts originating from the archipelago. This martial art is growing rapidly in various Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and Thailand (Ediyono and Widodo, 2019). The meaning of 2 words, namely martial and arts, where pencak means a movement in the form of a beautiful move by avoiding, on the other hand, silat means a self-defence movement with deflecting techniques, fighting by attacking and locking. In Southeast Asia itself, it is better known as silat, but in Indonesia, it is better known as a martial art (Kumaidah, 2016).
The development of martial arts in Indonesia has spread widely in various islands.
It is proven that there are various kinds of hermitage, colleges or martial art organizations in Indonesia and each college or organization has its character and history which over time has developed and has entered various competitions in various countries (Pratama The two fighters carried out attack and defence movements to get points. A single group is a fighter who displays standard single moves properly and correctly according to the rules. The dual group is two fighters from the same camp presenting a planned movement. A squad group is a group featuring three fighters from the same camp performing standardized moves. The time needed for single, double and team groups is 3 minutes, while the competing group takes 1.5 minutes for adolescents, 2 minutes for adults, with a rest time of 1 minute and lasts 3 rounds (IPSI National Conference, 2012).
Martial arts has competed for both at the national and international levels.
Excellent physical condition is very important to support an athlete's performance. Every individual who chooses to become an athlete, of course, want an achievement. In a competition, the achievement is the goal of an athlete is participating in a sports competition. To achieve the feat they want, they need to train hard and give their best. Therefore, they must have sufficient physical condition to achieve the achievements they are targeting (Sartono and Firman, 2020).
Physical condition plays an important role in the sport of martial arts. To get optimal performance, an athlete must be able to master techniques, mental, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and other bio motor components. The training program determines the success rate of an athlete to achieve achievement in compiling a training program that requires precision and accuracy following the training periodization to increase the functional ability of the body's systems. (Wardoyo, 2017). Bompa and Buzzichelli, 2015) explain that to obtain optimal performance for factors main are needed, namely training, such as physical preparation, technical preparation, tactical preparation, mental preparation. So physical preparation is a component that is quite important to achieve maximum performance for the achievement of an athlete, and nutritional needs are very important for an athlete to get the desired performance. Water is very important for the needs of the body. Water is also an important nutrient for the health of the body because water acts as a lubricant, a temperature-carrying solvent and a provider of minerals and electrolytes in the body.
Every human being's water needs also vary depending on age, sex, activity and lifestyle. Therefore, adequate fluid is very important to support metabolism in the body (Krisnawati, 2016). (Ashadi, 2015) states that hydration is the adequacy of fluids in the body to maintain and stabilize blood flow, lubricate joints and body tissues, facilitate the digestive process and so on. In our body, 70% of it is liquid food from which water is very influential in stabilizing the components in the body. Meanwhile, dehydration is a lack of fluids in the body which results in the function of the body's organs not running optimally so that it can cause the body temperature to increase rapidly, it is difficult to concentrate and tire quickly.
Other research states that excess fluid excretion will affect the concentration of athletes (Penggalih et al., 2016). When doing physical activity the body temperature will increase or decrease and the body will adjust or balance so that the body temperature conditions remain normal (Trong et al., 2015). The lack of consuming fluids will have an impact on the health of the body and make the body's performance heavier. Therefore, athletes are expected to meet their fluid needs when doing sports activities so that the body does not become dehydrated (Rismayanti, 2014).
Based on the description that has been described above, it can be seen that there is a gap in this study, which can be obtained from the fact that the majority of athletes still do not understand the importance of knowledge about maintaining body hydration either before or after doing training activities or competitions (Dien Putriana, 2016). Ideally, athletes should maintain adequate water conditions in the body to avoid dehydration, but there is insufficient data to support this research. The problem in this research is that no research raises the case of knowledge and hydration status, especially in the Madiun Regency martial arts athletes, so that to solve problems like this, research is needed to obtain field facts. The novelty of this research lies in the research subject, namely the Madiun Regency martial arts athletes and this research was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is important to do to determine the hydration status of the Madiun district martial arts athletes. In addition, athletes also provide knowledge of the impact of lack of fluids on the body. So that athletes and coaches can understand and pay attention to training and competing.

METHOD
The research approach method used quantitative descriptive. The research design used a one-shoot study where data collection took place once a day. The research data were obtained from urine tests, multiple test questions and interviews with 10 athletes The Knowledge And The Hydration Status Of Junior Martial Art Athletes Ajeng Sindi Tirtasari 1* , Kunjung Ashadi 2 Ajeng.17060474139@mhs.unesa.ac.id consisting of 5 male athletes and 5 female athletes of martial arts, Madiun Regency. The research was conducted at Taman Regal Jaya, Madiun Regency.
To determine the hydration status of athletes, urine collection will be carried out before and after the exercise. The exercise starts at 15.00 WIB. The activities carried out are 12 minutes of jogging, 40 m 5 reps 2 sets of sprints, and 20 meters 2 reps 1 set.
Exercise lasts 1 hour during the training process athletes are allowed to drink without having to wait for thirst. After completing the training, athletes are given a rest period of 2 minutes and then the urine is collected after the exercise.

Measurement of knowledge in Madiun district martial arts uses multiple-choice
questions totalling 20 questions, which Each question has a score of 5 points, the wrong answer is 0. The results of each respondent's score can be seen in Table 1

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results of research data that has been carried out using urine tests,

interviews, and multiple-choice test questions on martial arts athletes in Madiun
Regency, the following profiles are obtained. According to Diagram 1 in this study using 10 samples of Madiun district martial arts athletes consisting of 5 (50%) female athletes and 5 (50%) male athletes.

Diagram 1. Gender Research Subjects
Descriptive test results obtained from research profiles in which there are profile information age, height and weight of study subjects can be explained in Table 2.

Gender Research Subjects
Male Athletes

Female Athletes
The Knowledge And The Hydration Status Of Junior Martial Art Athletes Ajeng Sindi Tirtasari 1* , Kunjung Ashadi 2 Ajeng.17060474139@mhs.unesa.ac.id   The average score of athletes' knowledge about hydration is not only described in Table 3, but also for details, it can be noted in Figure 2. Which explains as many as 70% of respondents have good knowledge of hydration.  Table 4, where these results are obtained after testing the urine colour of each study subject.  In the results of Table 5, the average result is 2.30, which means that the average category value of the athlete's hydration level before training is in the well-hydrated category II with a standard deviation of 1.059, which means the standard deviation value is smaller than the average hydration. For more details, the analysis of this hydration level can be explained in Diagram 3 as follows.   Based on Table 6 it is known that there are 10 athletes of martial arts in Madiun district who have taken urine tests after training, in the table above it can be seen that 6 athletes are less well-hydrated category I, 2 athletes are well-hydrated category I, 1 athlete is well-hydrated category II and 1 athlete Well-hydrated category III. In the results of Table 7, the average (mean) is 3.10, which means that the average hydration level category of athletes after training is in the well-hydrated category, category III. For more details, the analysis of the hydration level after exercise can be explained in Diagram 4 as follows.

Diagram of Athlete's Hydration Level Results After Exercise
To analyze an athlete's hydration, a paired difference test or paired t-test is needed, which must be proven that the processed data must be distributed normally. Following are the results of testing normally distributed data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method which can be presented in Table 8.

20%
10% 10% 60% Thus, the regression model with the pairwise difference test has been fulfilled. After the requirements are met, to calculate the mean hydration level before and after training, it can be seen that the difference between the hydration level before and after training can use the paired t-test as shown in Table 9. In the results of Table 9, the average test results of the two samples studied were obtained, namely the level of hydration before and after exercise. For values before the mean hydration level was 2.30. Whereas for the pre-exercise value, the mean hydration level was 3.10. The number of martial arts athletes in the Madiun district used as research samples was 10 athletes with a standard deviation value of 1.05935pre-test and 1.28668 in the post-test. For more details, it can be in Figure 5 which illustrates the hydration level before and after exercise as follows:

The Diagram of Athlete's Hydration Level Results After Exercise
Diagram 5.

Diagram of Difference in Hydration Levels Before and After Exercise
The mean value in Table 9 is obtained before 2.30 <after 3.10, so it can be explained that there is a difference in the mean level of hydration between before and In the results of Table 11, it shows that there is a difference in the average difference in the hydration level of male and female athletes before and after training, the significant value is 0.022 <0.05, which means that there is a difference in the mean level of water adequacy. in the body (hydration) in Madiun district martial art athletes before and after training. .022 Significant

The Knowledge And The Hydration Status Of Junior Martial Art Athletes
Test results on a sample mean value test of -0.800. This value shows the difference between the mean hydration level before exercise with the mean hydration level after exercise or 2.30 -3.10 = -0.800. In addition, it is known that the t-count is negative, which is -2.753 because the mean value of the hydration level before exercise is lower than the mean level of hydration after exercise.
Based on the data from the calculation of the average hydration level before exercise, the result is 2.30 and after exercise, the result is 3.10, which means that the hydration status after exercise is one level higher than before the exercise.
There is a significant difference (Sig. <0.05) in the mean value of the hydration level of the Madiun district martial art athletes before and after training. These results indicate that the hydration level before exercise is 1 level better than after exercise.
These results were obtained with the conditions when the training started at 15.30WIB, training during the test was included in the physical exercise group, namely 12 minutes of jogging, 40 m 5 reps 2 sets of sprints, and 20 meters 2 reps 1 set and 1-hour training. If an athlete is hydrated, it will greatly affect his performance. Based on the data from the calculation of the average hydration level before the results were 2.30, while after exercise the results were 3.10, which means that the results were obtained that the hydration level was one level higher than before the exercise. It can be interpreted that an athlete who cannot maintain the balance of fluids in his body, then the athlete cannot give his best performance, and cannot achieve maximum performance results. So an athlete must keep his body hydrated during training so as not to become dehydrated.
Based on the results of the research, there is sufficient knowledge about the importance of maintaining optimal body hydration before and after exercise. The athletes were Madiun district obtained before the good category II hydrated training, while after the training, the results obtained were good hydrated in category III. This can be further improved by socializing the importance of knowledge and awareness of hydration for athlete's performance. The results of this study are in line with (Mahyuni, 2018) with the results at the training stage that they have understood hydration. Before training, athletes belong to the hydrated group, while after training, athletes belong to the dehydrated group. Seeing from the results of urine checks on martial art athletes, it is not fulfilled and has decreased which causes the body's condition to be not optimal because when doing sports activities all organs in the body will experience changes that will cause dehydration.
Hydration is the standard requirement for water in the human body which is useful as a support for metabolism in the body such as stabilizing blood flow, lubricating joints and body tissues, facilitating the digestive process and so on. If the human body is not properly hydrated, it will reduce the level of performance of the athletes in training or competing and this will be detrimental to the athletes, team and supporters. Dehydration is a lack of fluids in the body which causes the function of the organs in the body to not run optimally so that it can cause the body temperature to increase rapidly, it is difficult to concentrate and tire quickly. Therefore, excess fluid excretion will affect the athlete's concentration (Ashadi, 2015).
Many athletes become dehydrated when they start training. Athletes must start learning to assess their hydration needs and they must also take into account each individual's sport, environment and needs. Changes in hydration status during exercise can be estimated from changes in body mass, sweat levels can also be used as a measure to determine the level of hydration.
When doing sports activities, all systems in the bodywork and experience physiological changes that can cause dehydration, athletes should always maintain good hydration because during sports activities athletes are not aware that the body will lose electrolyte fluid and water simultaneously (Ashadi, 2015).
There are several ways that athletes can keep their bodies hydrated properly, namely by consuming certain foods or drinks, socialization carried out by this sport which explains the importance of keeping the body hydrated. Several ways to prevent the body from decreasing the level of hydration by consuming food or drink are carried out by (Rismawati, Damayanti and Imanudin, 2018) who say that giving watermelon juice and isotonic drinks during exercise can prevent dehydration and maintain hydration status in athletes.
Meanwhile, according to (Dieny and Putriana, 2016) states that there is a relationship between before and after the training of youth soccer athletes. There is a suggestion that reads "The amount of fluid consumption recommended by the institute of medicine for male athletes is 19-20 glasses per day, equivalent to 4.75 litres -5 litres per day, while for female athletes approximately 14-15 litres. per day is equivalent to 3.5-3.7 litres per day". Therefore, an athlete must consume more fluids than ordinary people (Wicaksono, Margono and Nasuka, 2019). Martial art athletes are not fulfilled and experience a reduction which causes the body's condition to be not optimal because when doing sports activities all organs in the body will experience changes that will cause dehydration (Mahayuni, 2018) The importance of awareness of athlete's hydration and knowledge has a good impact on athlete's activities this means that if athletes are given high-intensity training, they are unlikely to become dehydrated (Fachri, 2017). Athletes who have understood the importance of maintaining fluids in the body with their good knowledge and awareness can regulate water balance for maintaining health and maintaining health in the body. (Qolbi, 2017) Meanwhile, if the athlete has insufficient knowledge, it will have an impact on the performance results of the athlete both before carrying out a training session/competing or after doing training/competing.

Conclusions
The average value of the hydration knowledge martial athletes is of Madison's Arts 49.00, including in the moderate category; The average value of the hydration level of Madison's martial arts athletes before training is 2.30, which means that it can be categorized as well hydrated category II; The average value of the hydration level of Madiun's martial arts athletes after training is 3.10, which means that it can be categorized as well hydrated category III; and the average value of the athlete's hydration level after training is in the well-hydrated category III and the results show that the hydration level after training increases by 1 level than before the exercise.

Suggestions
It is hoped that it can be used as a reference for coaches and athletes to pay more attention to the importance of always maintaining the athlete's body condition so that it is always hydrated in good condition by drinking water during training or competing to provide hydration for athletes. And the importance of knowing the adequacy of fluids in each body to avoid dehydration during sports activities.