Observasi SAR untuk Perubahan Lahan Pasca Gempa 7,5 Mw NTT di Pulau Selayar

Jeddah Yanti(1*),

(1) Jurusan Geografi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Makassar
(*) Corresponding Author




DOI: https://doi.org/10.35580/lageografia.v20i2.30974

Abstract


An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 occurred on December 14, 2021, with an epicenter location at 112-kilometers northwest of Larantuka, NTT, causing an impact on the Selayar Islands. Damage to structures, infrastructure, and changes in the ground surface structure occurred in most of Selayar Island. Changes in the structure of the ground surface that occurred were identified by utilizing SAR satellite imagery of Sentinel-1 A and Sentinel-1 B in the post-event time range, namely December 05 to December 11, 2021, the event which was December 11 to December 17, 2021, and post-event, namely December 17, 2021, to January 04, 2022. The DInSAR method is used to identify the value of the phase difference and the direction of earthquake wave energy. The results of the DInSAR approach obtained a change in the value of the phase difference of more than 3 cm at the post-event, event, and post-event. The distribution of phase difference values shows an adverse change in vertical deformation in the event category between December 11, 2021, to December 17, 2021. More than 50 percent of the distribution of phase difference values shows land subsidence. The result shows that earthquakes can trigger land surface change on Selayar Island.

 

Abstrak

Gempa berkekuatan 7,5 magnitudo terjadi pada 14 Desember 2021 dengan lokasi epicentrum di 112-kilometer barat laut Larantuka, NTT menimbulkan dampak hingga Kepulauan Selayar. Kerusakan struktur, infrastruktur serta perubahan struktur permukaan tanah terjadi di sebagian besar Pulau Selayar. Perubahan struktur permukaan tanah yang terjadi di Pulau Selayar diidentifikasi dengan memanfaatkan citra satelit SAR Sentinel-1 A dan Sentinel-1 B pada rentang waktu post-event yakni 05 Desember 2021 hingga 11 Desember 2021, event yakni 11 Desember 2021 hingga 17 Desember 2021, dan pasca event yakni 17 Desember 2021 hingga 04 Januari 2022. Metode DInSAR digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi nilai beda fase dan arah perambatan energi gelombang gempa bumi. Hasil pendekatan DInSAR didapatkan perubahan nilai beda fase lebih dari 3 cm pada post-event, event dan pasca event. Sebaran nilai beda fase menunjukkan perubahan negatif pada vertical deformation di kategori event di antara rentang waktu 11 desember 2021 hingga 17 desember 2021. Dengan lebih dari 50 persen sebaran nilai beda fase menunjukkan penurunan permukaan tanah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa gempa bumi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat memicu terjadinya perubahan permukaan tanah yang terjadi di Pulau Selayar.


Keywords


permukaan tanah; gempa bumi; dinsar; sentinel-1

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